Email security and phishing

Does the Applicant employ SPF, DKIM, and DMARC?

All three are usually present in some form. The question that matters is whether the DMARC policy actually does anything, because a policy of none is a monitoring configuration, not a control.

Verifiable from your tenant

What the carrier is actually asking

The carrier is asking whether your domains publish the three email authentication records and whether they are enforced. Sender Policy Framework declares which servers may send for your domain, DomainKeys Identified Mail signs messages, and Domain-based Message Authentication tells receivers what to do when the first two fail. The third is where enforcement lives.

Why it is underwritten

Without enforcement, anyone can send mail that appears to come from your domain, which is the mechanism behind invoice fraud aimed at your customers and at your own finance team. Carriers care because that fraud generates claims on your policy and complaints from third parties, and because publishing an enforcing record is one of the cheapest controls on the form.

Where the answer lives in Microsoft 365, Entra ID, and Azure

These records are public, so this answer is verifiable from outside your tenant as well as inside it. Anyone, including the underwriter, can check it in seconds.

PlatformWhere the setting livesWhat has to be true
DNSThe SPF record for each sending domainA record that ends in a hard or soft fail rather than neutral, and that stays inside the ten-lookup limit
Microsoft 365DKIM signing configuration per domainEnabled and rotated for every domain that sends, not only the primary one
DNSThe DMARC record policy valuep=quarantine or p=reject with a full percentage. p=none monitors and enforces nothing
DNSRecords for parked and non-sending domainsNon-sending domains publish restrictive records too, since attackers prefer the domains nobody protects
Microsoft 365Anti-spoof protection and the authenticated received chain configurationSpoof intelligence tuned, and legitimate forwarding handled so enforcement does not break real mail
Parked domains are the usual gap

Organisations protect the domain they send from and leave the brand variants, the acquisition domains, and the typo domains they registered defensively with no records at all. Those are the domains an attacker will use, precisely because they are unprotected and still look like you.

What a defensible yes requires

  • All three records exist for every sending domain.
  • The DMARC policy is quarantine or reject at full percentage, not none.
  • Non-sending and parked domains publish restrictive records.
  • Aggregate reports are collected and reviewed, so legitimate senders are known before enforcement tightens.
  • The SPF record is within the lookup limit, since exceeding it causes silent failures.

How this answer goes wrong

The answer is yes because all three records exist, and the DMARC policy has been set to none since it was published three years ago during a migration that was never finished. That is a monitoring configuration. Anyone can still spoof the domain, and the control the carrier is asking about is absent.

Frequently asked

Is p=none acceptable?

As a temporary state while you inventory legitimate senders, yes. As a permanent answer to this question, no, because it instructs receivers to take no action.

How do we get to enforcement safely?

Publish none, collect aggregate reports, identify every legitimate sender, then move to quarantine at a partial percentage and increase. The reporting phase is what prevents breaking real mail.

What about our marketing platforms?

They are the senders that break enforcement, because they send as your domain from their infrastructure. They need to be in the SPF record and signing with DKIM, which the vendor supports and someone has to configure.

Can the underwriter check this themselves?

Yes, in seconds, from public DNS. It is one of very few application answers that can be independently verified before a quote, which is a reason to make sure it is right.

Related questions

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